| ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line): ADSL which is formed by the first letters of Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line is the connection technique used most commonly for internet connection. The word asymmetric indicates that data transfer speed is not equal for sending and receiving. |
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| ADSL2: A kind of DSL enabling to receive data at a speed of 12 Mbps. |
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| ADSL2+: A Standard which ITU developed. ITU is also known as G.992.5. It enables to receive data at a speed of 25 Mbit/s. |
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| ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode): A network technique which transfers the data as stable cells of 53 byte. For data transfer, it uses the cell transfer technique which is a package switching method. |
| Backbone: The structure composed by the high speed line forming the basic pathways on the network and its connections. Backbone. |
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| Bandwidth: The amount of information you can send from a connection. |
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| Baud: In general use, it is the indicator of how many bytes a modem can receive and give in one second. |
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| Bit (Binary DigIT): The digit number in order of 2. In other words, 1 or 0. The smallest data unit which can be computerized. |
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| Bps (Bits-Per-Second): It is the indicator of how fast the data can be transferred between 2 connections. For example, a modem of 28.800 Bps can transfer 28.800 in one second. |
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| BRI (Basic Rate Interface): The ISDN line of 128 Kbps. With BRI, two telephone lines can be carried. The information of the number calling and being called can again be carried numerically from ISDN D channel. |
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| Bridge: It is a hardware connecting two TCP/IP Networks to each other. |
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| Browser: The program you are using at the moment to read this page. |
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| Byte: The byte group representing only one character. It is generally composed of 1 byte 8 bytes. (It can be more depending on the measurement) |
| Certificate Authority: The authority providing the Security Certificates used in SSL connections. |
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| CGI (Common Gateway Interface): The set of rules determining the communication between the programs in the server or how the other programs will communicate with the Web Server. They are generally small programs receiving the data from the web server and making small operations (such as sending the information written on the form as e-mails) with this data. |
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| Cgi-bin: The general name given to the directory where CGI files are present in the web server. |
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| Client: The software enabling data Exchange by connecting with a server or another computer. |
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| Cookie: As its common meaning used on the internet, the information sent to the Web Browser by the Web Server and after it is saved by the Browser, it is sent to the server again during the additional requests from the Server. Cookies can include information such as login or registration information, exchange card etc. |
| Domain Name: The address defining an internet site. (For example; www.xxx.com.tr). |
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| Download: The name given to the data transfer enabling to receive and save the file sent from the other station. |
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| DNS (Domain Name System): Each unit forming the internet network has an IP address-area name system belonging to itself only. These IP addresses correspond to easily remembered addresses like www.site_name.doc for the users. DNS servers keep the records of IP address correspondences of the internet addresses. |
| E-mail (E-posta): One of the reasons to form computer Networks is the people’s wish to send letters and communicate in the electronic environment from one place to the other (quickly and safely). |
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| Ethernet: A rather common method used for the networking operations in LAN |
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| ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute): This standardization unit has developed a European Standard for D channel protocol. |
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| FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface): The Standard of data Exchange over fiber optical cables. Its average speed is 100.000.000 bps. |
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| Firewall: The combination of software and hardware dividing a LAN (Local Area Network) into 2 or more, with the aim of security. |
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| Firmware: It states the coherence of the control software integrated into a hardware and it cannot be modified by the user. |
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| FTTH (Fiber To The Home): It is a fiber optical based wideband communication technology enabling to carry the telephone wideband internet and television services to homes and offices as “Triple Play”. |
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| FTTP (Fiber To The Premises): The technology used to carry the fiber optical connection in the location form the central offices to the distant terminals. FTTP is called as “Extreme Wideband” since it gives 100Mbps speed performance. |
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| FTTN (Fiber To The Node/Neighborhood): Although it does not provide fiber optical connection directly to homes or offices; it benefits from the compaction and IP switching technologies for the houses or offices, TV, internet and telephone within the area of 3000ft (1km) |
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| FTP (File Transfer Protocol): The protocol used to Exchange files on the internet sites. |
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| FxO: Passive analog telephone interface waiting for dial up tone (Operator external line) |
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| FxS: Active telephone interface giving dial up tone (operator extension line) |
| Gatekeeper: The component used for analysis of IP addresses from phone numbers when H.323 protocol is used in IP Networks for sound transmission. While it can be adapted as software to work in a server, it can also be available in sound Gates and router devices as integrated. |
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| Gateway: The software or hardware set providing the connection between two unlike protocols is called gateway. |
| Host: Any machine which gives service to the other machines on the network. |
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| Hosting: Hosting is to keep the pages, pictures or documents which are to be broadcast on a web site in a computer to which internet users can reach. |
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| HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Hipermetin Aktarma İletişim Kuralı; bir kaynaktan dağıtılan ve ortak kullanıma açık olan hiper ortam bilgi sistemleri için uygulama seviyesinde bir iletişim kuralıdır. |
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| HTTPS (Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol): It is communication rule at application level for hyper environment information systems distributed from a source and are open to common use. |
| Internet: The structure which is composed by the combination of 2 or more networks. |
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| Intranet: The network in which the internet software we know are used in the firm and which is private to the firm only. |
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| IP Number: The number separated by dots and consisting of 4 parts, special to each machine on the internet. e.g: 195.142.130.1 |
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| IP Telephone: A device which is very similar to analog telephones in terms of appearance and function and is designed for vocal communication on IP networks. |
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| ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network): Integrated numerical telephone system enabling to have end-to-end switching data connections in addition to analog telephone traffic. |
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| ISP (Internet Service Provider): Internet Service Supplier (ISS) is the institution providing internet connection to persons and corporations. |
| Leased-Line: The telephone line which is on for 24 hours and 365 days. |
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| Log-in: In a log-in procedure (also known as log-on), the system user must present himself by entering the registered user identity and prove his Access authorization with a password. Only on that condition can he reach the services provided by the host. |
| MAC (Media Access Control) Address: On a computer network a MAC address, in other words Media Access Control, is used for knowing the network hardware of a device. For example, your modem and network card on your computer have a private MAC address for each. |
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| Mailing List: The message system which enables the user to send only one message to one address and make this message be delivered to all the member users. |
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| Mirror:It is generally to take a full copy of something. This can be a hard disc, or ftp site or a web site. |
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| Modem (Modulator/DEModulator): Modem (Modulator/DEModalator): Modem changes digital signals into analog signals which a telephone line can recognize and changes the analog signals into digital ones. |
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| Mosaic: The first WWW browser having the same interface for Mac, Windows, Unix |
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| MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching): It can be explained as integrating the switching operation on the 2nd layer of OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) and routing operation on the 3rd layer of OSI. MPLS technology integrates these two separate operations under control and forms data networks which can give advanced and faster services. The principal MPLS services include VPN, QoS and traffic engineering. |
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| NAT (Network Address Translator): It means the network address translator. It is used for a computer a TCP/IP network to be able to reach another network using another IP address. |
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| Network: The structure composed by two or more computers connected to each other to share their sources. |
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| Newsgroup: The name given to the discussion groups on USENET |
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| NIC (Networked Information Center):It is the unit in which information is kept for a network. The most popular one is the InterNIC where domain names are registered. NIC (Network Interface Card) network cards are also given this name. |
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| Node:The computer connected to Network. |
| Packet Switching: The data transfer method on the Internet. Data are divided into pieces in packet switching. In these pieces, the information on where the data comes from and where it is going to are available. Tanks to this, data which are going to different addresses can be carried over the same line. |
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| POP: (Point of Presence or Post Office Protocol) With the meaning of point of presence, the city or location where a connectable point of network is found. For example, if your IP says we are opening a POP in İstanbul after Ankara, that means an İstanbul branch is being opened which is connected to the Ankara center from İstanbul and people in İstanbul can connect by making local calls as dial up. With the meaning of Post Office Protocol, the protocol which is used in the mail exchange by mail programs such as Eudora, Pegasus. |
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| Port: Its meaning on the internet is the number after being separated by “:” at the end of URL address. For example, web servers usually use the port numbered 80. If a port out of standards is being used, this number is given at the end of the domain name. For example: gopher://peg.cwis.uci.edu:7000/. Normally the standard gopher port is 70. But since a port which is not standard is used here, this port is given at the end of this address. |
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| PPP (Point to Point Protocol): A very commonly used protocol to establish TCP/IP connection for the internet with modem. |
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| PRI (Primary Rate Interface): ISDN line of 2048 Mbps. Thirty telephone lines can be carried with PRI line. |
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| PSTN (Public Switched Telephony Network): The whole telephone system generally opens to analog numerical public access. |
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| Router: An ad hoc computer providing the connection between 2 or more networks. This computer spends all its time by arranging which packets coming from which address will go to which addresses on which routes. |
| Security Certificate: The name given to the information used for safe connections by SSL protocol. In order to make SSI connection, both sides must have valid Security Certificate. |
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| Server: It is the unit which has sources opens to the use (sharing) of the other network components in its computer networks. More than one server can be found in one network. The opposite is the requester. |
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| SIP (Session Initiation Protocol): It is a network protocol providing connection between two or more participants. |
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| SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol): A protocol used to connect to the internet like PPP via modem. It is generally used to connect to UNIX servers. Nowadays it is leaving its place to PPP. |
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| SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): The protocol of sending e-mails; it is the protocol determining the communication type between the server and the requester to send a mail. |
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| Spam (Spamming): To send a message to the users, including the users who do not request, using the message lists or USENET |
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| SQL (Structured Query Language): - It is a special programming language used to send inquiry to the database. |
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| SSL (Secure Sockets Layer): It is the protocol, designed by Netscape Communications, providing safe and coded communication over the internet. SSL is generally used in the communications between the browsers and servers. In an internet address starting with HTTPS, it is understood that SSL connection will be used. |
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| Switch: Network switch is one of the network hardware enabling the computers and the other network units to connect to each other. |
| Terminal Adaptors: Terminal Adaptors (TA) are used to connect the devices which are not ISDN to ISDN. |
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| T-1: 1.544.0 bps speed Leased Line connection. Although this is a very high speed (1 MB yis transferred approximately in 10 seconds), it is not adequate for full-screen, full-motion video. |
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| T-3: 44.736.0 bps speed leased-line connection. This speed is more than the speed needed for full-screen, full-motion video. |
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| TCP/IP: İnternet protocol team is a whole communication protocols enabling internet to work. They are the abbreviations of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and IP (Internet Protocol). |
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| Terminal Server: The name given to the private computer providing connection with ports on side for connecting lots of modems and LAN or host machine on the other side. |
| Upload:The name given to the file transfer operation where the data file is sent to another data station and saved. |
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| URL (Uniform Resource Locator): The standard used to state the address of a source which is a part of WEB |
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| USENET: The system in which there are more than 10.000 discussion groups and by which world-wide users can write to each other. |
| VoIP (Voice Over IP): Voice sending over IP. |
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| VPN (Virtual Private Network): It is a technology used in the long-distance safe access to network. Since it creates a virtual private network, the machine connected from a long distance doesn’t look like a guest but like connected physically to the network. |
| 56 K Line: Telephone line which can carry 56.000 byte in a second (Leased Line). With this speed a 1MB file arrives nearly in 3 minutes. |
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| 802.11 Standards: IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11n standards enable the Wi-Fi products to have wireless connection. |
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| 802.11a Standard: It provides communication at 5 GHz frequency u to 15m distance with a speed of 54Mbps |
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| 802.11b Standard: It provides communication at 2.4 GHz frequency up to 45m distance with a speed of 11Mbps |
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| 802.11g Standard:It provides communication at 2.4 GHz frequency up to 45m distance with a speed of 54Mbps |
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